 DistroWatch Weekly |
| DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 990, 17 October 2022 |
Welcome to this year's 42nd issue of DistroWatch Weekly!
The open source community is full of people who tinker, hack, and dream. Some projects take on lofty goals, wanting to solve complex problems or take computing to new heights. This week we begin with two projects (ravynOS and Lion Linux) that have grown from the minds of dreamers who want to make using computers more efficient, easier, and more open. Read on to learn of the first impressions from these two projects. In our News section we also explore some new ground, talking about the COSMIC desktop from Pop!_OS, an attempt by System76 to replace GNOME on their in-house distribution. Plus we share information on Debian developers gearing up for a new stable release in 2023 while Murena launches a new phone. Then, in our Questions and Answers column, we explore restrictions on low numbered network ports and how common services work around the restrictions on these ports. Plus we share the releases of the past week and list the torrents we are seeding. In our Opinion Poll we'd like to hear if your most recent computer purchase shipped with Linux pre-installed. Let us know what was on your computer's hardware when you bought it below. We wish you all a wonderful week and happy reading!
Content:
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| Feature Story (by Jesse Smith) |
There are all sorts of reasons I will review an open source operating system. Sometimes I'll encounter a distribution doing something interesting that I want to share. Other times I will write about a Linux distribution just because it is popular and I suspect many people will be affected by its features and bugs. Other times I believe a project is doing something remarkably well, such as being unusually easy to set up or offering improved stability. There are also projects I will explore simply because they have such amazingly lofty goals that there is no realistic expectation they will succeed and I just want to observe the spectacle of the developers' reach exceeding their grasp. Which brings me to the topic of ravynOS.
ravynOS 0.4.0
The ravynOS project starts out with a popular concept, the idea of providing a macOS-like experience on a FreeBSD base. It is a concept shared by a few other projects, such as helloSystem. The ravynOS project's website states:
We love macOS, but we're not a fan of the ever-closing hardware and ecosystem. So we are creating ravynOS - an OS aimed to provide the finesse of macOS with the freedom of FreeBSD.
They go on to expand on the idea a little, offering specific elements the team wants to implement:
We intend to bring many of the features you've come to love from macOS to ravynOS like clean design, global menus, and drag-and-drop installs.
So far, so good. A few projects are making similar attempts and it appears, based on the ravynOS frequently asked questions page, that the team is working with other developers to make this macOS-like desktop a reality. The ravynOS website then swings for the fences with this statement:
Many FreeBSD ports and apps, Linux apps, and even trivial Darwin & macOS binaries can run on ravynOS. And we're actively working on improving it!
It was at this point I decided to download ravynOS to see how wide the chasm would be between the project's goals and the current implementation.
The project's install media is a 1.4GB ISO. The MD5 checksum is provided in a separate file. Verifying my download revealed the first hurdle of my experience. The filename in the MD5 text file the project provides is incorrect, meaning running "md5sum -c ravynOS_0.4.0pre4_f14_amd64.iso.md5" to verify our download always fails. However, if we manually run the MD5 check against the hash listed in the file, ignoring the included filename, we can confirm the media is uncorrupted. This was an early warning for me because it demonstrates no one on the ravynOS team is going through the process someone would take to install their operating system step-by-step.
At first, ravynOS appears to boot from its install media just like FreeBSD would, but with the key exception that the operating system uses launchd to manage services rather than FreeBSD's default service manager. The system boots to a text console and displays a login prompt.
I found login credentials and install instructions in the project's wiki. The instructions are unusually long and performed entirely from the command line. Presumably this will change in the future, but for now the initial setup process is definitely not emulating the easy point-n-click experience which made macOS famous.
Something which annoyed me about the install process is virtually all of the commands listed in order in the wiki just need to be copied verbatim to the ravynOS terminal and run. The only choice or information we need to insert into the process is the name of our first hard drive, which could be easily detected by a script. Which means instead of having the user copy each of the 30+ commands, one at a time, from the wiki into the terminal the project could have provided a script with the same instructions, avoiding the manual work and the chance of typos.
The install process, while tedious, mostly went well. The one issue I ran into came when trying to use the pkg package manager to remove software that would no longer be needed after the install was complete. Trying to run pkg resulted in errors which seem to suggest the package manager's database has been corrupted. Since the media checksum was correct, this again suggests a lack of testing. At least, I thought, the issue was only with removing old software that would be no longer needed and the rest of the process went smoothly.
After I finished the listed tasks, I restarted the computer. The system then failed to boot, reporting no boot device could be found. At this point I wasn't sure if there was a problem in the ravynOS instructions, or the command that copies the operating system, or if I'd made a typo which caused a command to fail without warning. It's hard to say and, given the amount of time and manual typing involved in trying again, I wasn't about to go through all the steps again hoping for a better result. Instead, I turned my attention to another project.
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Lion Linux 3.0
While ravynOS has a website which shares its lofty goals and beautiful screenshots of what the operating could be someday, Lion Linux takes the opposite approach. There is almost no information on the Lion Linux website regarding what it is or how it works. There is a brief blurb which claims the project's intention is to work on both 32-bit and 64-bit machines, but that is about it. There are multiple desktop editions available, but otherwise the style and goals of the distribution are left up to the imagination.
Something I found curious is the Lion Linux home page says it is based on Debian 11 with the Cinnamon and Xfce desktops: "We use Debian 11.4 in its 32-bit and 64-bit versions." However, the project's download page says Lion Linux is based on Arch Linux and is available in eight desktop flavours. Since Debian and Arch are not at all related, I did some more poking around to see if I could find out what the project's base is.
I found a text file in the distribution's SourceForge repository which clears up most of the mystery. It explains Lion Linux 1.0 is based on Debian 10 while version 2.0 is based on Debian 11. The release of Lion Linux 3.0 was based on Devuan. The next version is reportedly going to be built on Arch Linux, but is not yet available. I'm not sure why the team keeps changing bases, using three different parent distributions in three releases; the reasoning isn't explained.
Version 3.0 of the distribution is available in GNOME, Trinity, Cinnamon, MATE, LXQt, LXDE, Xfce, KDE Plasma, Xfce, and i3 editions. I decided to try the MATE edition which is 1.8GB in size. The various editions range in size from 1.3GB for the i3 ISO to 2.7GB for the Cinnamon edition.
The distribution's live media boots to a graphical login screen. Both the boot menu and the login screen are displayed in Spanish. Once I got signed into the live desktop by using the credentials on the project's SourceForge page, I found the desktop menus and applications also displayed in Spanish and I was unable to find a tool to change the language to English. The System menu and the settings panel do not appear to include tools for changing the preferred language.
Lion Linux 3.0 -- Running the MATE desktop
(full image size: 245kB, resolution: 1680x1050 pixels)
I looked around for a system installer and eventually found it in the System section of the Applications menu which is located in the upper-left corner of the MATE desktop. Lion Linux uses the Calamares graphical installer. We are asked by the installer to pick our preferred language and time zone. We can opt to use guided partitioning which sets up a root partition with the ext4 filesystem and a huge swap partition. Alternatively, we can manually partition the local disk using a friendly, graphical partition manager. The installer then prompts us for a username and password.
The installer began copying its files to the hard drive, but soon aborted with a Python crash report which said: "Boost.Python error in job 'unpackfs'." I restarted the machine and went through the install process again, only to be greeted by the same Python error. This quickly brought my trial with Lion Linux to a close.
In short, neither of these open source operating systems would install successfully. One is aiming for the stars while delivering a poor, command line driven experience. The other defines almost no goals, but has a lot of editions while regularly changing bases. Neither project appears to have tested its download verification or install process which leaves potential users in a difficult situation.
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| Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith) |
Pop!_OS makes progress on COSMIC, Debian prepares for next stable release freeze, Murena launches new phone
The Pop!_OS developers announced last year they would begin work on their own desktop environment which would eventually replace GNOME on their distribution. Development of the new desktop environment has been making progress and Michael Murphy has published an update with a video of the new desktop, called COSMIC. "I've just implemented client-side window drag resize support in Winit for X11/Wayland and Iced. Direction of the resize is based on window coordinates relative to the window. The cursor change on hover isn't yet implemented, but the changes needed in Winit are functioning."
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The Debian project moves slowly and takes its time setting up new stable releases. Paul Gevers has sent out a notice, letting people know what milestones to expect for the next version of Debian, with the first stages of the repository freeze starting in early 2023. The upcoming Debian 12 will carry the codename "Bookworm": "On 12 January 2023 we're hitting the first milestone of the Bookworm release: the Transition and Toolchain Freeze. If you made plans for the Bookworm release, now is the time to evaluate if it's realistic to go ahead or if time is running too short. Keep in mind that others may have less time to work on your plans than you do. Remember you always have experimental to stage changes. If there is an unfixed bug that is nagging you, remember to fix it (e.g. via an NMU) now rather than later. When the Transition and Toolchain Freeze starts, we'll be expecting maintainers to not start new transitions, and to avoid large and/or disruptive changes in their uploads."
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The Murena team develops a de-Googled version of Android for smartphones. This privacy-focused operating system already runs on several Android devices and such sustainable devices as the Fairphone. The Murena team has announced the availability of a new device called the Murena One which ships with their operating system pre-installed. "This 4G LTE smartphone perfectly completes our Murena phones range together with Teracube, Fairphone and Gigaset. Murena One is the perfect balance between privacy and a all-round smartphone that offers you the full habitual experience without trading off your data." The Murena One device can be purchased through the organization's website. We shared a preview of the Murena One back in July of this year.
* * * * *
These and other news stories can be found on our Headlines page.
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| Questions and Answers (by Jesse Smith) |
Accessing low numbered network ports
Learning-to-network asks: I've read that network ports up to 1024 are privileged ports and can only be opened as root. Then why can certain software run on them as non-root users? Like Apache runs as the www-data user, not root.
DistroWatch answers: You are correct, in Unix and Linux tradition, low-numbered network ports are reserved for the root user. The idea is that certain ports which are commonly used for well known services (such as website hosting, e-mail, remote administration, and file transfers) should be reserved for the system administrator to use. Other users who want to run their own services should not be able to interfere with these commonly used ports.
While a program that wants to use low-numbered ports needs to be run as the root user (or make use of special privileges granted by the root user) it's considered a bad idea to let programs that provide network services to run as the root user. Network services, like e-mail and web hosting, are vulnerable to attack over the network and having one of these services compromised by a remote attacker could be devastating if the services are running as root.
This appears to set up a difficult contradiction. On the one hand, only services running as the root user can use ports numbered up to 1024. On the other hand, any service running on these network ports should not be running as root.
The common solution is to run network services as the root user when they first start up. These services can open a low-numbered network port. Then the service typically changes which user it is running as. This is called changing the effective user ID. In other words, the Apache web service may be started as the root user, but as soon as it does some initial tasks and opens a network port it drops its root access. The service then runs as though it were the www or www-data user, not root.
In short, network services are usually started as the root user to enable them to attach to low network ports. But as soon as they have connected to the port they can drop their level of access and become another user. This insures only the root user can run services on low-numbered ports while also minimizing damage from compromised services. This is why, if you look at a process listing on Linux, it looks like network services are running as non-root users. They are, when you're looking at them, but they were probably started by root initially.
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Additional answers can be found in our Questions and Answers archive.
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| Released Last Week |
Development, unannounced and minor bug-fix releases
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| Upcoming Releases and Announcements |
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Summary of expected upcoming releases
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| Opinion Poll (by Jesse Smith) |
Did your computer ship with Linux pre-installed?
These days it is relatively easy to purchase a computer which ships with a Linux distribution pre-installed. While retail stores still usually sell computers bundles with proprietary operating systems, there are several companies which offer Linux options. These Linux-friendly companies include, but are not limited to, Dell, Tuxedo Computers, System76, and ThinkPenguin.
We'd like to hear if your most recent computer purchase was one which came bundled with Linux. If it was, let us know where you acquired it in the comments.
You can see the results of our previous poll on the past default desktops of Ubuntu in last week's edition. All previous poll results can be found in our poll archives.
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Did your computer come bundled with Linux?
| Yes - Linux was the bundled OS: | 159 (8%) |
| No - it shipped with a proprietary OS: | 1122 (57%) |
| No - it shipped with another free OS: | 38 (2%) |
| No - it shipped without an OS: | 654 (33%) |
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| Website News |
DistroWatch database summary
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This concludes this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly. The next instalment will be published on Monday, 24 October 2022. Past articles and reviews can be found through our Article Search page. To contact the authors please send e-mail to:
- Jesse Smith (feedback, questions and suggestions: distribution reviews/submissions, questions and answers, tips and tricks)
- Ladislav Bodnar (feedback, questions, donations, comments)
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| TUXEDO |
TUXEDO Computers - Linux Hardware in a tailor made suite
Choose from a wide range of laptops and PCs in various sizes and shapes at TUXEDOComputers.com. Every machine comes pre-installed and ready-to-run with Linux. Full 24 months of warranty and lifetime support included!
Learn more about our full service package and all benefits from buying at TUXEDO.
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| Archives |
| • Issue 1091 (2024-10-07): Redox OS 0.9.0, Unified package management vs universal package formats, Redox begins RISC-V port, Mint polishes interface, Qubes certifies new laptop |
| • Issue 1090 (2024-09-30): Rhino Linux 2024.2, commercial distros with alternative desktops, Valve seeks to improve Wayland performance, HardenedBSD parterns with Protectli, Tails merges with Tor Project, Quantum Leap partners with the FreeBSD Foundation |
| • Issue 1089 (2024-09-23): Expirion 6.0, openKylin 2.0, managing configuration files, the future of Linux development, fixing bugs in Haiku, Slackware packages dracut |
| • Issue 1088 (2024-09-16): PorteuX 1.6, migrating from Windows 10 to which Linux distro, making NetBSD immutable, AlmaLinux offers hardware certification, Mint updates old APT tools |
| • Issue 1087 (2024-09-09): COSMIC desktop, running cron jobs at variable times, UBports highlights new apps, HardenedBSD offers work around for FreeBSD change, Debian considers how to cull old packages, systemd ported to musl |
| • Issue 1086 (2024-09-02): Vanilla OS 2, command line tips for simple tasks, FreeBSD receives investment from STF, openSUSE Tumbleweed update can break network connections, Debian refreshes media |
| • Issue 1085 (2024-08-26): Nobara 40, OpenMandriva 24.07 "ROME", distros which include source code, FreeBSD publishes quarterly report, Microsoft updates breaks Linux in dual-boot environments |
| • Issue 1084 (2024-08-19): Liya 2.0, dual boot with encryption, Haiku introduces performance improvements, Gentoo dropping IA-64, Redcore merges major upgrade |
| • Issue 1083 (2024-08-12): TrueNAS 24.04.2 "SCALE", Linux distros for smartphones, Redox OS introduces web server, PipeWire exposes battery drain on Linux, Canonical updates kernel version policy |
| • Issue 1082 (2024-08-05): Linux Mint 22, taking snapshots of UFS on FreeBSD, openSUSE updates Tumbleweed and Aeon, Debian creates Tiny QA Tasks, Manjaro testing immutable images |
| • Issue 1081 (2024-07-29): SysLinuxOS 12.4, OpenBSD gain hardware acceleration, Slackware changes kernel naming, Mint publishes upgrade instructions |
| • Issue 1080 (2024-07-22): Running GNU/Linux on Android with Andronix, protecting network services, Solus dropping AppArmor and Snap, openSUSE Aeon Desktop gaining full disk encryption, SUSE asks openSUSE to change its branding |
| • Issue 1079 (2024-07-15): Ubuntu Core 24, hiding files on Linux, Fedora dropping X11 packages on Workstation, Red Hat phasing out GRUB, new OpenSSH vulnerability, FreeBSD speeds up release cycle, UBports testing new first-run wizard |
| • Issue 1078 (2024-07-08): Changing init software, server machines running desktop environments, OpenSSH vulnerability patched, Peppermint launches new edition, HardenedBSD updates ports |
| • Issue 1077 (2024-07-01): The Unity and Lomiri interfaces, different distros for different tasks, Ubuntu plans to run Wayland on NVIDIA cards, openSUSE updates Leap Micro, Debian releases refreshed media, UBports gaining contact synchronisation, FreeDOS celebrates its 30th anniversary |
| • Issue 1076 (2024-06-24): openSUSE 15.6, what makes Linux unique, SUSE Liberty Linux to support CentOS Linux 7, SLE receives 19 years of support, openSUSE testing Leap Micro edition |
| • Issue 1075 (2024-06-17): Redox OS, X11 and Wayland on the BSDs, AlmaLinux releases Pi build, Canonical announces RISC-V laptop with Ubuntu, key changes in systemd |
| • Issue 1074 (2024-06-10): Endless OS 6.0.0, distros with init diversity, Mint to filter unverified Flatpaks, Debian adds systemd-boot options, Redox adopts COSMIC desktop, OpenSSH gains new security features |
| • Issue 1073 (2024-06-03): LXQt 2.0.0, an overview of Linux desktop environments, Canonical partners with Milk-V, openSUSE introduces new features in Aeon Desktop, Fedora mirrors see rise in traffic, Wayland adds OpenBSD support |
| • Issue 1072 (2024-05-27): Manjaro 24.0, comparing init software, OpenBSD ports Plasma 6, Arch community debates mirror requirements, ThinOS to upgrade its FreeBSD core |
| • Issue 1071 (2024-05-20): Archcraft 2024.04.06, common command line mistakes, ReactOS imports WINE improvements, Haiku makes adjusting themes easier, NetBSD takes a stand against code generated by chatbots |
| • Issue 1070 (2024-05-13): Damn Small Linux 2024, hiding kernel messages during boot, Red Hat offers AI edition, new web browser for UBports, Fedora Asahi Remix 40 released, Qubes extends support for version 4.1 |
| • Issue 1069 (2024-05-06): Ubuntu 24.04, installing packages in alternative locations, systemd creates sudo alternative, Mint encourages XApps collaboration, FreeBSD publishes quarterly update |
| • Issue 1068 (2024-04-29): Fedora 40, transforming one distro into another, Debian elects new Project Leader, Red Hat extends support cycle, Emmabuntus adds accessibility features, Canonical's new security features |
| • Issue 1067 (2024-04-22): LocalSend for transferring files, detecting supported CPU architecure levels, new visual design for APT, Fedora and openSUSE working on reproducible builds, LXQt released, AlmaLinux re-adds hardware support |
| • Issue 1066 (2024-04-15): Fun projects to do with the Raspberry Pi and PinePhone, installing new software on fixed-release distributions, improving GNOME Terminal performance, Mint testing new repository mirrors, Gentoo becomes a Software In the Public Interest project |
| • Issue 1065 (2024-04-08): Dr.Parted Live 24.03, answering questions about the xz exploit, Linux Mint to ship HWE kernel, AlmaLinux patches flaw ahead of upstream Red Hat, Calculate changes release model |
| • Issue 1064 (2024-04-01): NixOS 23.11, the status of Hurd, liblzma compromised upstream, FreeBSD Foundation focuses on improving wireless networking, Ubuntu Pro offers 12 years of support |
| • Issue 1063 (2024-03-25): Redcore Linux 2401, how slowly can a rolling release update, Debian starts new Project Leader election, Red Hat creating new NVIDIA driver, Snap store hit with more malware |
| • Issue 1062 (2024-03-18): KDE neon 20240304, changing file permissions, Canonical turns 20, Pop!_OS creates new software centre, openSUSE packages Plasma 6 |
| • Issue 1061 (2024-03-11): Using a PinePhone as a workstation, restarting background services on a schedule, NixBSD ports Nix to FreeBSD, Fedora packaging COSMIC, postmarketOS to adopt systemd, Linux Mint replacing HexChat |
| • Issue 1060 (2024-03-04): AV Linux MX-23.1, bootstrapping a network connection, key OpenBSD features, Qubes certifies new hardware, LXQt and Plasma migrate to Qt 6 |
| • Issue 1059 (2024-02-26): Warp Terminal, navigating manual pages, malware found in the Snap store, Red Hat considering CPU requirement update, UBports organizes ongoing work |
| • Issue 1058 (2024-02-19): Drauger OS 7.6, how much disk space to allocate, System76 prepares to launch COSMIC desktop, UBports changes its version scheme, TrueNAS to offer faster deduplication |
| • Issue 1057 (2024-02-12): Adelie Linux 1.0 Beta, rolling release vs fixed for a smoother experience, Debian working on 2038 bug, elementary OS to split applications from base system updates, Fedora announces Atomic Desktops |
| • Issue 1056 (2024-02-05): wattOS R13, the various write speeds of ISO writing tools, DSL returns, Mint faces Wayland challenges, HardenedBSD blocks foreign USB devices, Gentoo publishes new repository, Linux distros patch glibc flaw |
| • Issue 1055 (2024-01-29): CNIX OS 231204, distributions patching packages the most, Gentoo team presents ongoing work, UBports introduces connectivity and battery improvements, interview with Haiku developer |
| • Issue 1054 (2024-01-22): Solus 4.5, comparing dd and cp when writing ISO files, openSUSE plans new major Leap version, XeroLinux shutting down, HardenedBSD changes its build schedule |
| • Issue 1053 (2024-01-15): Linux AI voice assistants, some distributions running hotter than others, UBports talks about coming changes, Qubes certifies StarBook laptops, Asahi Linux improves energy savings |
| • Issue 1052 (2024-01-08): OpenMandriva Lx 5.0, keeping shell commands running when theterminal closes, Mint upgrades Edge kernel, Vanilla OS plans big changes, Canonical working to make Snap more cross-platform |
| • Issue 1051 (2024-01-01): Favourite distros of 2023, reloading shell settings, Asahi Linux releases Fedora remix, Gentoo offers binary packages, openSUSE provides full disk encryption |
| • Issue 1050 (2023-12-18): rlxos 2023.11, renaming files and opening terminal windows in specific directories, TrueNAS publishes ZFS fixes, Debian publishes delayed install media, Haiku polishes desktop experience |
| • Issue 1049 (2023-12-11): Lernstick 12, alternatives to WINE, openSUSE updates its branding, Mint unveils new features, Lubuntu team plans for 24.04 |
| • Issue 1048 (2023-12-04): openSUSE MicroOS, the transition from X11 to Wayland, Red Hat phasing out X11 packages, UBports making mobile development easier |
| • Issue 1047 (2023-11-27): GhostBSD 23.10.1, Why Linux uses swap when memory is free, Ubuntu Budgie may benefit from Wayland work in Xfce, early issues with FreeBSD 14.0 |
| • Issue 1046 (2023-11-20): Slackel 7.7 "Openbox", restricting CPU usage, Haiku improves font handling and software centre performance, Canonical launches MicroCloud |
| • Issue 1045 (2023-11-13): Fedora 39, how to trust software packages, ReactOS booting with UEFI, elementary OS plans to default to Wayland, Mir gaining ability to split work across video cards |
| • Issue 1044 (2023-11-06): Porteus 5.01, disabling IPv6, applications unique to a Linux distro, Linux merges bcachefs, OpenELA makes source packages available |
| • Issue 1043 (2023-10-30): Murena Two with privacy switches, where old files go when packages are updated, UBports on Volla phones, Mint testing Cinnamon on Wayland, Peppermint releases ARM build |
| • Issue 1042 (2023-10-23): Ubuntu Cinnamon compared with Linux Mint, extending battery life on Linux, Debian resumes /usr merge, Canonical publishes fixed install media |
| • Issue 1041 (2023-10-16): FydeOS 17.0, Dr.Parted 23.09, changing UIDs, Fedora partners with Slimbook, GNOME phasing out X11 sessions, Ubuntu revokes 23.10 install media |
| • Issue 1040 (2023-10-09): CROWZ 5.0, changing the location of default directories, Linux Mint updates its Edge edition, Murena crowdfunding new privacy phone, Debian publishes new install media |
| • Issue 1039 (2023-10-02): Zenwalk Current, finding the duration of media files, Peppermint OS tries out new edition, COSMIC gains new features, Canonical reports on security incident in Snap store |
| • Issue 1038 (2023-09-25): Mageia 9, trouble-shooting launchers, running desktop Linux in the cloud, New documentation for Nix, Linux phasing out ReiserFS, GNU celebrates 40 years |
| • Issue 1037 (2023-09-18): Bodhi Linux 7.0.0, finding specific distros and unified package managemnt, Zevenet replaced by two new forks, openSUSE introduces Slowroll branch, Fedora considering dropping Plasma X11 session |
| • Full list of all issues |
| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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| Random Distribution | 
Chinese Linux Extension
CLE stands for Chinese GNU/Linux Extensions, it was a collection of Chinese related software on GNU/Linux platform. CLE was based on and optimised for the Red Hat Linux distribution. As with Red Hat, software was packaged in the RPM format. CLE also support other major distributions such as Slackware and Mandrake. You will get a complete Chinese (BIG5/GB) environment under Linux by installing CLE.
Status: Discontinued
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| TUXEDO |
TUXEDO Computers - Linux Hardware in a tailor made suite
Choose from a wide range of laptops and PCs in various sizes and shapes at TUXEDOComputers.com. Every machine comes pre-installed and ready-to-run with Linux. Full 24 months of warranty and lifetime support included!
Learn more about our full service package and all benefits from buying at TUXEDO.
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| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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