 DistroWatch Weekly |
| DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 929, 9 August 2021 |
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Welcome to this year's 31st issue of DistroWatch Weekly!
Maintaining an operating system takes a certain amount of work. A lot of that effort can be automated since that is what computers excel at doing. However, sometimes it pays to stop and consider what aspects of an operating system's upkeep should be automated and which parts should be left under manual control. This week, in our Questions and Answers column, we talk about defragmenting Linux filesystems and whether it is a good idea to automatically defragment Btrfs. Do you use any defragment options with Btrfs? Let us know in this week's Opinion Poll. First through we take a look at SME Server, a member of the CentOS family which is dedicated to providing a small, easy to use server platform. Learn more about SME Server in this week's Feature Story. Then we are pleased to discuss Linux Mint developing a new website, developers trying out a fork of systemd on OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD changing the way filesystem snapshots are handled when the disk becomes full. Plus we are pleased to share the releases of the past week and list the torrents we are seeding. We wish you all a terrific week and happy reading!
Content:
- Review: SME Server 10.0
- News: Mint developing a new website, OpenBSD running systemd fork, DragonFly BSD changes how snapshots work with limited disk space
- Questions and answers: Defragmenting Linux filesystems
- Released last week
- Torrent corner: Alpine, Arch, Bluestar, Kaisen, KDE neon, Nitrux, PClinuxOS, Snal
- Upcoming releases: Tails 4.21, Debian 11
- Opinion poll: Do you defrag Btrfs?
- New additions: Navy Linux
- New distributions: Airyx
- Reader comments
Listen to the Podcast edition of this week's DistroWatch Weekly in OGG (13MB) and MP3 (10MB) formats.
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| Feature Story (by Jesse Smith) |
SME Server 10.0
SME Server is a member of the Fedora and CentOS family. The project's latest release, SME Server 10.0, is based on CentOS 7 which will receive support through June 2024. The newest release fixes some issues with RAID setups and allows installation on machines running in UEFI mode. There are two editions of SME Server, both built for the x86_64 architecture. The regular install media is 1.5GB while the smaller, network install media is 635MB. I decided to try the larger, full install media.
The project's documentation lists various uses for SME Server including backups, web hosting, e-mail, and firewall. The documentation also mentions SME Server can be managed from a web-based interface which may be more convenient than using the distribution's command line.
Booting from the install media brings up a menu offering to install the distribution, install the server in text mode, or check the media's integrity and then launch the installer. I like having the integrity check built right into the media as an extra layer of protection. I took this latter option which confirmed the media was good and then launched the Anaconda system installer.
Installing
The Anaconda installer begins by asking us to select a language from a list. We are then shown a hub screen where we can access configuration modules in the order of our choosing. These modules give us the opportunity to select our time zone, change our preferred language, alter the keyboard layout, and pick the location of the install media. There are also modules for partitioning the hard drive and selecting which packages to install. The package selection screen only has one option: the minimal install set which will create a command line environment and web-based portal.
When I checked the partitioning screen I discovered SME Server sets up partitions automatically. This gives us an XFS boot partition and a LVM volume which is also formatted with XFS. A swap partition is created for us unless we change these default settings.
The installer took longer than usual to set up SME Server, but it did complete successfully and then offer to restart the computer. The first time we boot the new copy of the distribution a text-based wizard is run. We are asked if we want to restore a backup of the operating system. Then, assuming we do not perform a restore, we are asked to make up a new password for the root account. The wizard then walks us through making up a hostname and assigning an IP address to a network device. We are asked if this server will be a plain server or a gateway for other devices connecting to the Internet. In my case I was using a stand alone server and was asked to provide the IP address for my router. The wizard's last question is whether we wish to enable DHCP services for other devices on the network. When the wizard is done it turns us over to a text console where we can login as the root user.
Early impressions
One of the first things I noticed about my new SME Server was that it was very slow to respond and perform tasks. Logging into the local console took around five seconds. Running any program, whether it was cat, top, or a text editor took around ten seconds. It didn't take long to identify the problem. The Clam anti-virus software and ssl-aparms were running in the background and consuming all available CPU resources. Once these processes were killed, the system was still sluggish and RAM was full, causing the system to swap heavily. I found the clamd process was still running, even with clamav shut down, and it was consuming all the memory it could get.
I found that killing these runaway processes didn't work as systemd would simply restart them. I also found that running "systemctl disable" to prevent the processes from restarting would fail due to a timeout since running commands took too long. I had to use systemctl to stop the aggressive processes and then disable them to prevent them from starting up when the operating system was rebooted.
In short, my trial got off to a very slow and frustrating start. Once the problematic processes were stopped, I found SME Server runs a fairly standard command line environment. The usual GNU shell utilities are included along with systemd and version 3.10 of the Linux kernel. The MySQL database software and a web server are running in the background. There are packages from seven versions of PHP installed by default, including PHP modules from versions 8.0, 7.4, 7.3, 7.2, 7.1, 7.0, and 5.6.
The web portal
Visiting the new server's IP address in a web browser brings up a page which says this website is under construction. I wasn't sure which port or directory on the server I would need to visit to access the administrator portal. Reading through the documentation revealed the information I wanted in Chapter 6: we can access the portal by visiting https://server-ip/server-manager/
SME Server 10.0 -- The login page for the web portal
(full image size: 117kB, resolution: 1326x768 pixels)
Once we connect we're prompted for a username and password. The username "root" is blocked, but the user "admin" can sign in using the same password as the root account. The web interface has groups of settings arrayed down the left side of the browser window. Available settings and actions in a group are shown to the right.
The available settings modules are divided into five sections: users and groups; backup and restore as well as viewing log files; remote access and port forwarding; configuration of services and installing software; and support with the option of reporting bugs. One of the first things I noticed while browsing the web portal was the interface provided little to no feedback to indicate when something had been clicked or a setting saved. For example, when I went into the user accounts screen I made up a username for a regular user account and clicked the "Add" button to create the user. Nothing happened on the web page; no confirmation or error was shown. However, when I left that page and went back into the user account manager page my new account was listed as available.
SME Server 10.0 -- The user manager after my account has been unlocked and the password reset
(full image size: 192kB, resolution: 1326x768 pixels)
I ran into this same lack of visual feedback when performing other tasks, such as enabling the OpenSSH daemon. Nothing on the screen indicated the service had been enabled (or that a problem had occurred) though the service started to respond to connection attempts.
While the OpenSSH service was running and responding, my attempts to login as a regular user were blocked. Looking at the user manager in the web portal showed that my account was locked and, presumably needed its password to be set up. I tried to make up a password through the web portal, but even with a password of the required length (at least eight characters), with upper-case and lower-case letters included, and both a number and a symbol used I still received an error saying the password was not complex enough. Though not the reason why. I also couldn't see a clear way to unlock the account from the web portal. I switched to a local console, unlocked the new user account and set its password with the passwd command. I still couldn't sign into the account and the web portal continued to show the account as being locked.
Returning, for a moment, to the topic of background services, apart from dealing with printing, OpenSSH, and FTP services, there doesn't appear to be any way to manage background services through the web portal. I could not, for example, find a way to manage the anti-virus software, database, or mail service.
Managing software
The section of the web portal set aside for managing software has two key areas. One offers to install additional software on the operating system while the other provides access to updates from the distribution's repositories. Clicking the button to access additional software did nothing.
SME Server 10.0 -- Module for managing software
(full image size: 174kB, resolution: 1326x768 pixels)
Selecting the option to install available updates brings up a list of new packages present in the SME Server repositories. I accepted the listed updates and waited a few minutes while the packages were downloaded and installed. Once the process completed successfully a message is displayed which says the system needs to be reconfigured and restarted. We are warned that not performing these steps may cause problems with the system. I clicked on the presented reconfigure option which returned me to the install/update page and where I was shown another warning indicating the system needed to be reconfigured and restarted.
I was curious about how I could reconfigure the system and, for that matter, what it would entail. At first I thought perhaps the first-run wizard would run again if I restarted so I rebooted the computer. However, when the system came back on-line I was still shown the warning letting me know I needed to reconfigure the system and restart again to avoid problems.
SME Server 10.0 -- Warning displayed after rebooting
(full image size: 223kB, resolution: 1326x768 pixels)
With a little looking around I found a Reconfigure option in the web portal on the screen that controls shutting down and rebooting the system. I selected the Reconfigure item and, at first nothing appeared to happen. However, a short time later the system halted. When I powered on the server again the system failed to load, dropping me to a GRUB prompt. Whatever the Reconfigure step had done prevented the system from ever booting again.
Conclusions
In hindsight it's difficult for me to imagine how my trial with SME Server could have gone worse. One might point out that at least the system installer worked, but even then the installer is unusually slow and a bit awkward to navigate compared to other dedicated server and NAS solutions currently available.
Things got off to a poor start with anti-virus processes consuming all available CPU and memory resources and got worse when it became apparent that the systemctl command would timeout while trying to shutdown the runaway services while systemd would restart the processes I terminated by other means.
The user account manager rejected passwords I tried to apply to new accounts and incorrectly reported accounts were locked, even after I had unlocked them from the command line. The web interface does not show feedback or show confirmation when action buttons are clicked. Most services cannot be managed through the web portal and new software could not be added to the system without turning to the command line.
To make matters worse, updating the system and taking the Reconfigure option the system keeps insisting is necessary corrupts the system and prevents it from booting.
SME Server 10.0 -- Setting up network workgroup
(full image size: 191kB, resolution: 1326x768 pixels)
Looking through the web interface prior to the system becoming unusable, there do not appear to be many tools for managing services or setting up tasks. It looks like most significant options need to be managed from the command line and there are very few tasks we can perform through the web portal that are not easier and faster from the console.
One aspect of SME Server that puzzles me a bit is its short support cycle. SME Server 10.0 is new (it came out earlier this year), but it's based on CentOS 7 which is about seven years into its ten year support cycle. Which means SME Server 10.0 only receives three years of support. As a result we are stuck running seven year old software packages, but will only benefit from three years of updates. It seems we'd be better off running a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 clone with something like Webmin installed.
I encountered a lot of frustration from trying to use SME Server with virtually nothing to show from my efforts, but a lot of bugs. I think most other members of the Fedora/CentOS family would provide a smoother experience.
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Visitor supplied rating
SME Server has a visitor supplied average rating of: 8/10 from 7 review(s).
Have you used SME Server? You can leave your own review of the project on our ratings page.
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| Miscellaneous News (by Jesse Smith and Ladislav Bodnar) |
Mint developing a new website, OpenBSD running systemd fork, DragonFly BSD changes how snapshots work with limited disk space
The Linux Mint team is busy backporting new features to Linux Mint Debian Edition 4 as well as earlier releases of the Linux Mint 20.x series. The team is also designing a new website. "The new website will have a new look but it will also feature an adaptive layout, work well on any device, present information in a modern way and focus on what most visitors expect to find when they first browse it: What is Linux Mint? Why use Linux Mint? How to install it? With the stable release just behind us the timing is right and this project is given more focus. If you're talented in graphics design, UI/UX design, web design or even artwork in general get in touch with us." Contact information for the team along with additional information on recent changes to the distribution can be found in the project's July newsletter.
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The systemd software suite, which provides the init process and service manager for most Linux distributions, is not something most people would associate with OpenBSD, an operating system known for its minimalism. However, a project called InitWare has been working on porting code elements of systemd to other operating systems via a fork. In particular, InitWare aims to run on the major flavours of BSD, and some success has been gained getting it to run on OpenBSD. Screenshots of InitWare running on OpenBSD have been posted to reddit.
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The DragonFly BSD team is introducing a new approach to handling HAMMER2 filesystem snapshots when the storage device is running low on available space. In the past snapshots would fail if not enough room was available, but now snapshots take on a rolling approach, discarding old data when the drive runs out of space. Justin Sherrill explains: "It used to be that if you had a HAMMER2 volume and ran low on space, snapshotting would stop so that you didn't completely fill the disk. Now, thanks to Francis GUDIN, snapshots continue to roll forward and discard older ones to keep disk usage constant. It won't fix the low disk space issue, but snapshots will stay up to date."
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These and other news stories can be found on our Headlines page.
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| Questions and Answers (by Jesse Smith) |
Defragmenting Linux filesystems
Getting-the-pieces-jumbled-together asks: I was wondering if you could do a quick recap of the status of defrag in different filesystems, for SSDs. More specifically, I cannot figure out if it makes any sense to mount Btrfs root and home subvolumes with "-o autodefrag".
DistroWatch answers: For people who may not be familiar with the concept of defragmenting a filesystem, first I'd like to provide a little background information. Typically filesystems try to save new files as one long string of data, keeping the pieces of the file all in one place. However, over time files can change in size or the drive can fill up, reducing the amount of free contiguous space. When this happens pieces of files may end up written to different parts of the disk. On a modern SSD storage devices this fragmentation usually doesn't have a big impact, but on spinning hard drives, where the disk needs to physically adjust to scan the area they read from, fragmented files can slow down the process of reading data from the hard drive.
Basically, a fragmented filesystem means the pieces of multiple files are scattered around the hard drive instead of being neatly organized into contiguous chunks. This disorganization can slow down file access.
Defragmenting a filesystem (also known as defragging) means gathering up the pieces of scattered files and reorganizing them. A defragmented filesystem has neatly ordered blocks of files and reading them no longer requires reading from lots of different parts of the disk.
Most modern Linux filesystems do a good job of organizing their data so that fragmentation rarely happens to the point where it becomes a problem. Typically, assuming 20% or more of your hard drive space is free, Linux filesystems will shift data around to make sure the disk organization does not become too fragmented. This is further helped by using SSDs, as the storage devices handle reads from random locations on the drive easier than classic spinning disks.
Now, let's talk specifically about Btrfs, an advanced filesystem with copy-on-write (CoW) data, snapshots, and an option which allows for automatic defragmentation (autodefrag). The Btrfs section of the Linux kernel wiki mentions fragmentation as a possible problem, particularly when using databases and virtual machines:
Files with a lot of random writes can become heavily fragmented (10,000+ extents) causing thrashing on HDDs and excessive multi-second spikes of CPU load on systems with an SSD or large amount a RAM. On servers and workstations this affects databases and virtual machine images.
The wiki goes on to mention fragmentation may happen when running applications which heavily make use of databases, such as web browsers and e-mail clients. The result can be heavier CPU usage and poorer performance. The recommended solution, according to the wiki, is to periodically run the defragmentation command manually or enable the autodefrag option: "Workarounds include manually defragmenting your home directory using 'btrfs fi defragment'. Auto-defragment (mount option autodefrag) should solve this problem in 3.0."
At this point it sounds as though enabling autodefrag on your Btrfs volumes makes sense. If there is no fragmentation then there is no harm done, but if your filesystem is processing a lot of random writes the autodefrag flag should fix the problem. Before you rush ahead to turn on the automatic defragmentation option, consider Oracle's Btrfs documentation which offers this advice:
You can set up automatic defragmentation by specifying the autodefrag option when you mount the file system. However, automatic defragmentation is not recommended for large databases or for images of virtual machines.
Defragmenting a file or a subvolume that has a copy-on-write copy results breaks [sic] the link between the file and its copy. For example, if you defragment a subvolume that has a snapshot, the disk usage by the subvolume and its snapshot will increase because the snapshot is no longer a copy-on-write image of the subvolume.
In other words, there is a price to pay for less fragmentation and that is larger amounts of disk space being consumed. The Btrfs manual page echoes this concern: "This may cause considerable increase of space usage depending on the broken up reflinks"
My suggestion would be to leave autodefrag turned off by default. Chances are that, in most situations, you won't need it. However, if you do find your filesystem access slowing down you can perform a one-time defrag from the command line by running "btrfs filesystem defragment". The btrfs-filesysetm manual page has a section dedicated to defragmenting Btrfs and its subvolumes. I recommend looking at the various options, particularly those related to recursively defragmenting a directory.
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Additional answers can be found in our Questions and Answers archive.
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| Released Last Week |
Development, unannounced and minor bug-fix releases
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| Torrent Corner |
Weekly Torrents
The table below provides a list of torrents DistroWatch is currently seeding. If you do not have a bittorrent client capable of handling the linked files, we suggest installing either the Transmission or KTorrent bittorrent clients.
Archives of our previously seeded torrents may be found in our Torrent Archive. We also maintain a Torrents RSS feed for people who wish to have open source torrents delivered to them. To share your own open source torrents of Linux and BSD projects, please visit our Upload Torrents page.
Torrent Corner statistics:
- Total torrents seeded: 2,541
- Total data uploaded: 39.1TB
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| Upcoming Releases and Announcements |
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Summary of expected upcoming releases
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| Opinion Poll (by Jesse Smith) |
Do you defrag Btrfs?
In this week's Questions and Answers column we talked about defragmenting Linux filesystems, with a particular focus on Btrfs. We would like to hear whether you defrag your Btrfs volume. Did you notice any side-effects from performing the defrag action? Let us know about your experiences in the comments.
You can see the results of our previous poll on reviving coverage of dormant distributions in last week's edition. All previous poll results can be found in our poll archives.
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Do you defrag your Btrfs volume?
| Yes - using autodefrag: | 43 (3%) |
| Yes - manually: | 28 (2%) |
| No: | 353 (23%) |
| I do not use Btrfs: | 1103 (72%) |
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| Website News |
New distributions added to database
Navy Linux
Navy Linux is an open source community project founded by UnixLab (Unix/Linux developers community). The project aims to provide a free-of-cost clone of Red Hat Enterprise Linux with minimal install media.
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New distributions added to waiting list
- Airyx. Airyx is an open source desktop operating system that aims to provide a similar experience and compatibility with macOS on x86-64 systems. It builds on the foundation of FreeBSD, existing open source packages in the same space, and new code to fill the gaps.
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DistroWatch database summary
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This concludes this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly. The next instalment will be published on Monday, 16 August 2021. Past articles and reviews can be found through our Article Search page. To contact the authors please send e-mail to:
- Jesse Smith (feedback, questions and suggestions: distribution reviews/submissions, questions and answers, tips and tricks)
- Ladislav Bodnar (feedback, questions, donations, comments)
- Bruce Patterson (podcast)
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| Archives |
| • Ussye 1118 (2025-04-21): Fedora 42, strange characters in Vim, Nitrux introduces new package tools, Fedora extends reproducibility efforts, PINE64 updates multiple devices running Debian |
| • Issue 1117 (2025-04-14): Shebang 25.0, EndeavourOS 2025.03.19, running applications from other distros on the desktop, Debian gets APT upgrade, Mint introduces OEM options for LMDE, postmarketOS packages GNOME 48 and COSMIC, Redox testing USB support |
| • Issue 1116 (2025-04-07): The Sense HAT, Android and mobile operating systems, FreeBSD improves on laptops, openSUSE publishes many new updates, Fedora appoints new Project Leader, UBports testing VoLTE |
| • Issue 1115 (2025-03-31): GrapheneOS 2025, the rise of portable package formats, MidnightBSD and openSUSE experiment with new package management features, Plank dock reborn, key infrastructure projects lose funding, postmarketOS to focus on reliability |
| • Issue 1114 (2025-03-24): Bazzite 41, checking which processes are writing to disk, Rocky unveils new Hardened branch, GNOME 48 released, generating images for the Raspberry Pi |
| • Issue 1113 (2025-03-17): MocaccinoOS 1.8.1, how to contribute to open source, Murena extends on-line installer, Garuda tests COSMIC edition, Ubuntu to replace coreutils with Rust alternatives, Chimera Linux drops RISC-V builds |
| • Issue 1112 (2025-03-10): Solus 4.7, distros which work with Secure Boot, UBports publishes bug fix, postmarketOS considers a new name, Debian running on Android |
| • Issue 1111 (2025-03-03): Orbitiny 0.01, the effect of Ubuntu Core Desktop, Gentoo offers disk images, elementary OS invites feature ideas, FreeBSD starts PinePhone Pro port, Mint warns of upcoming Firefox issue |
| • Issue 1110 (2025-02-24): iodeOS 6.0, learning to program, Arch retiring old repositories, openSUSE makes progress on reproducible builds, Fedora is getting more serious about open hardware, Tails changes its install instructions to offer better privacy, Murena's de-Googled tablet goes on sale |
| • Issue 1109 (2025-02-17): Rhino Linux 2025.1, MX Linux 23.5 with Xfce 4.20, replacing X.Org tools with Wayland tools, GhostBSD moving its base to FreeBSD -RELEASE, Redox stabilizes its ABI, UBports testing 24.04, Asahi changing its leadership, OBS in dispute with Fedora |
| • Issue 1108 (2025-02-10): Serpent OS 0.24.6, Aurora, sharing swap between distros, Peppermint tries Void base, GTK removinglegacy technologies, Red Hat plans more AI tools for Fedora, TrueNAS merges its editions |
| • Issue 1107 (2025-02-03): siduction 2024.1.0, timing tasks, Lomiri ported to postmarketOS, Alpine joins Open Collective, a new desktop for Linux called Orbitiny |
| • Issue 1106 (2025-01-27): Adelie Linux 1.0 Beta 6, Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 5, detecting whether a process is inside a virtual machine, drawing graphics to NetBSD terminal, Nix ported to FreeBSD, GhostBSD hosting desktop conference |
| • Issue 1105 (2025-01-20): CentOS 10 Stream, old Flatpak bundles in software centres, Haiku ports Iceweasel, Oracle shows off debugging tools, rsync vulnerability patched |
| • Issue 1104 (2025-01-13): DAT Linux 2.0, Silly things to do with a minimal computer, Budgie prepares Wayland only releases, SteamOS coming to third-party devices, Murena upgrades its base |
| • Issue 1103 (2025-01-06): elementary OS 8.0, filtering ads with Pi-hole, Debian testing its installer, Pop!_OS faces delays, Ubuntu Studio upgrades not working, Absolute discontinued |
| • Issue 1102 (2024-12-23): Best distros of 2024, changing a process name, Fedora to expand Btrfs support and releases Asahi Remix 41, openSUSE patches out security sandbox and donations from Bottles while ending support for Leap 15.5 |
| • Issue 1101 (2024-12-16): GhostBSD 24.10.1, sending attachments from the command line, openSUSE shows off GPU assignment tool, UBports publishes security update, Murena launches its first tablet, Xfce 4.20 released |
| • Issue 1100 (2024-12-09): Oreon 9.3, differences in speed, IPFire's new appliance, Fedora Asahi Remix gets new video drivers, openSUSE Leap Micro updated, Redox OS running Redox OS |
| • Issue 1099 (2024-12-02): AnduinOS 1.0.1, measuring RAM usage, SUSE continues rebranding efforts, UBports prepares for next major version, Murena offering non-NFC phone |
| • Issue 1098 (2024-11-25): Linux Lite 7.2, backing up specific folders, Murena and Fairphone partner in fair trade deal, Arch installer gets new text interface, Ubuntu security tool patched |
| • Issue 1097 (2024-11-18): Chimera Linux vs Chimera OS, choosing between AlmaLinux and Debian, Fedora elevates KDE spin to an edition, Fedora previews new installer, KDE testing its own distro, Qubes-style isolation coming to FreeBSD |
| • Issue 1096 (2024-11-11): Bazzite 40, Playtron OS Alpha 1, Tucana Linux 3.1, detecting Screen sessions, Redox imports COSMIC software centre, FreeBSD booting on the PinePhone Pro, LXQt supports Wayland window managers |
| • Issue 1095 (2024-11-04): Fedora 41 Kinoite, transferring applications between computers, openSUSE Tumbleweed receives multiple upgrades, Ubuntu testing compiler optimizations, Mint partners with Framework |
| • Issue 1094 (2024-10-28): DebLight OS 1, backing up crontab, AlmaLinux introduces Litten branch, openSUSE unveils refreshed look, Ubuntu turns 20
| | • Issue 1093 (2024-10-21): Kubuntu 24.10, atomic vs immutable distributions, Debian upgrading Perl packages, UBports adding VoLTE support, Android to gain native GNU/Linux application support |
| • Issue 1092 (2024-10-14): FunOS 24.04.1, a home directory inside a file, work starts of openSUSE Leap 16.0, improvements in Haiku, KDE neon upgrades its base |
| • Issue 1091 (2024-10-07): Redox OS 0.9.0, Unified package management vs universal package formats, Redox begins RISC-V port, Mint polishes interface, Qubes certifies new laptop |
| • Issue 1090 (2024-09-30): Rhino Linux 2024.2, commercial distros with alternative desktops, Valve seeks to improve Wayland performance, HardenedBSD parterns with Protectli, Tails merges with Tor Project, Quantum Leap partners with the FreeBSD Foundation |
| • Issue 1089 (2024-09-23): Expirion 6.0, openKylin 2.0, managing configuration files, the future of Linux development, fixing bugs in Haiku, Slackware packages dracut |
| • Issue 1088 (2024-09-16): PorteuX 1.6, migrating from Windows 10 to which Linux distro, making NetBSD immutable, AlmaLinux offers hardware certification, Mint updates old APT tools |
| • Issue 1087 (2024-09-09): COSMIC desktop, running cron jobs at variable times, UBports highlights new apps, HardenedBSD offers work around for FreeBSD change, Debian considers how to cull old packages, systemd ported to musl |
| • Issue 1086 (2024-09-02): Vanilla OS 2, command line tips for simple tasks, FreeBSD receives investment from STF, openSUSE Tumbleweed update can break network connections, Debian refreshes media |
| • Issue 1085 (2024-08-26): Nobara 40, OpenMandriva 24.07 "ROME", distros which include source code, FreeBSD publishes quarterly report, Microsoft updates breaks Linux in dual-boot environments |
| • Issue 1084 (2024-08-19): Liya 2.0, dual boot with encryption, Haiku introduces performance improvements, Gentoo dropping IA-64, Redcore merges major upgrade |
| • Issue 1083 (2024-08-12): TrueNAS 24.04.2 "SCALE", Linux distros for smartphones, Redox OS introduces web server, PipeWire exposes battery drain on Linux, Canonical updates kernel version policy |
| • Issue 1082 (2024-08-05): Linux Mint 22, taking snapshots of UFS on FreeBSD, openSUSE updates Tumbleweed and Aeon, Debian creates Tiny QA Tasks, Manjaro testing immutable images |
| • Issue 1081 (2024-07-29): SysLinuxOS 12.4, OpenBSD gain hardware acceleration, Slackware changes kernel naming, Mint publishes upgrade instructions |
| • Issue 1080 (2024-07-22): Running GNU/Linux on Android with Andronix, protecting network services, Solus dropping AppArmor and Snap, openSUSE Aeon Desktop gaining full disk encryption, SUSE asks openSUSE to change its branding |
| • Issue 1079 (2024-07-15): Ubuntu Core 24, hiding files on Linux, Fedora dropping X11 packages on Workstation, Red Hat phasing out GRUB, new OpenSSH vulnerability, FreeBSD speeds up release cycle, UBports testing new first-run wizard |
| • Issue 1078 (2024-07-08): Changing init software, server machines running desktop environments, OpenSSH vulnerability patched, Peppermint launches new edition, HardenedBSD updates ports |
| • Issue 1077 (2024-07-01): The Unity and Lomiri interfaces, different distros for different tasks, Ubuntu plans to run Wayland on NVIDIA cards, openSUSE updates Leap Micro, Debian releases refreshed media, UBports gaining contact synchronisation, FreeDOS celebrates its 30th anniversary |
| • Issue 1076 (2024-06-24): openSUSE 15.6, what makes Linux unique, SUSE Liberty Linux to support CentOS Linux 7, SLE receives 19 years of support, openSUSE testing Leap Micro edition |
| • Issue 1075 (2024-06-17): Redox OS, X11 and Wayland on the BSDs, AlmaLinux releases Pi build, Canonical announces RISC-V laptop with Ubuntu, key changes in systemd |
| • Issue 1074 (2024-06-10): Endless OS 6.0.0, distros with init diversity, Mint to filter unverified Flatpaks, Debian adds systemd-boot options, Redox adopts COSMIC desktop, OpenSSH gains new security features |
| • Issue 1073 (2024-06-03): LXQt 2.0.0, an overview of Linux desktop environments, Canonical partners with Milk-V, openSUSE introduces new features in Aeon Desktop, Fedora mirrors see rise in traffic, Wayland adds OpenBSD support |
| • Issue 1072 (2024-05-27): Manjaro 24.0, comparing init software, OpenBSD ports Plasma 6, Arch community debates mirror requirements, ThinOS to upgrade its FreeBSD core |
| • Issue 1071 (2024-05-20): Archcraft 2024.04.06, common command line mistakes, ReactOS imports WINE improvements, Haiku makes adjusting themes easier, NetBSD takes a stand against code generated by chatbots |
| • Issue 1070 (2024-05-13): Damn Small Linux 2024, hiding kernel messages during boot, Red Hat offers AI edition, new web browser for UBports, Fedora Asahi Remix 40 released, Qubes extends support for version 4.1 |
| • Issue 1069 (2024-05-06): Ubuntu 24.04, installing packages in alternative locations, systemd creates sudo alternative, Mint encourages XApps collaboration, FreeBSD publishes quarterly update |
| • Issue 1068 (2024-04-29): Fedora 40, transforming one distro into another, Debian elects new Project Leader, Red Hat extends support cycle, Emmabuntus adds accessibility features, Canonical's new security features |
| • Issue 1067 (2024-04-22): LocalSend for transferring files, detecting supported CPU architecure levels, new visual design for APT, Fedora and openSUSE working on reproducible builds, LXQt released, AlmaLinux re-adds hardware support |
| • Full list of all issues |
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| Random Distribution | 
Pentoo
Pentoo is a Gentoo-based Linux live CD with a selection of applications and tools designed to perform penetration testing.
Status: Active
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| TUXEDO |
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| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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