| Review |
 |
Since
the new millenium began, it seems that there has been a proliferation
of Debian-based distros. Some of these are commercial offerings such as
Libranet, Lindows and Xandros, while others such as Knoppix and Morphix
are freebies. MEPIS seems to fall between the cracks, being free but
offering low-cost support. Free or not, all of the above start by
taking Debian and expanding on it -- in other words, Debian with some
extra trimmings.
However, there is one distro that takes the opposite approach. Bonzai
is a free slimmed-down version of Debian Woody, designed to fit on a
miniature 180MB CD. To be fair, Bonzai does add features, though these
are subtle improvements such a more up-to-date kernel than the standard
Woody, a more up-to-date KDE, plus a few other tweaks. Bonzai is in
fact an improved version of Debian's netinst CD. This is a minimalist
approach, designed to get Debian quickly up and running on your
network. Once you have a basic Debian install, you can then grab
thousands of packages which are available from Debian mirrors on the
Internet.
Travel writer and Debian zealot Robert Storey recently grabbed a copy
of Bonzai and spent a weekend with it, putting it through its paces
(and putting aside other distractions
such as eating and sleeping). The morning after, a slightly disheveled
Robert shares his impressions.
See also:
Debian GNU/Linux - Not Just Another Pretty Face, Part I
Debian GNU/Linux - Not Just Another Pretty Face, Part II
|
|
Good Things in Small Packages
|
Assuming that the Earth doesn't perish
from global warming or being hit by an asteroid, it's reasonable to
expect that 100 years from now people will laugh at our paltry mass
storage devices. Indeed, one could laugh at the mass storage devices of
20 years ago when a 360-kbyte floppy disk was all you needed to boot
your computer plus run a word processor and spreadsheet. When floppy
disks were bumped up to 1.4 megabytes, everybody wondered what they
were doing to do with all that extra space.
Yes, those were the days. Now, Linux vendors wonder whether it's better
to put their distros on five 700-megabyte CDs or just one 4.8-gigabyte
DVD. No doubt in the next century (when Microsoft will be but a
footnote in the history books), Linux will be distributed on
100-terabyte spheres about the size of a glass marble.
Meanwhile, until the marble drives catch on, keeping a Linux distro in
your shirt pocket is something of a challenge. As compact as CDs and
DVDs are, you'd need a pretty big pocket to carry a copy of Debian
around with you at all times. And, like condoms, you never know just
when you're going to need a copy of Debian, so it's best to always be
prepared.
Enter Bonzai Linux. Formerly known as Mini-Woody, this unique
distro was created by German developer Marcus Moeller. Bonzai's claim
to fame is that it can fit on a 180MB CDR(W)s. These mini-CDs are
about the size of a coaster, and though none of the manufacturers will
warranty against data loss due to coffee spills, the medium is far more
durable than backup tapes. Thus, if you ever
wanted carry Debian in your wallet or shirt pocket, Bonzai would seem
to be the answer to your prayers.
Or is it? It must be pointed out that, unlike Knoppix or Morphix,
Bonzai is not a "live" distro. That is to say, you can't simply boot
the CD drive and have a fully working system. Rather, it must be
installed onto the hard drive. Furthermore, when you finish the
installation, you still don't really have a fully functional system.
Bonzai is, in fact, a modified version of Debian's earlier netinst CD,
which was meant to replace boot floppies. What it gives you is a
bare-bones Debian Woody configuration, with built-in network
configuration. You can then proceed to access the network (assuming your machine is
attached to one) and start installing Debian packages. You could pull
the packages from a LAN, but more likely you'll use FTP
or HTTP.
In order for this to be practical, you'd certainly need broadband -
don't even think about installing Debian with a dial-up modem.
Alternatively, if you had a set of Debian CDs, you could install all
the packages from the CD drive, but then why would you need Bonzai? And
does Bonzai add anything else of value to Debian, other than being
small?
In seeking answers to these questions and more, I obtain a Bonzai CD
and set about the task of installing it on my hard disk.
|
Installation - A Feeling of Deja Vu
|
The good news is that there is a freely
downloadable PDF guide to installing Bonzai - you can find it here. The bad news is that
unless you can read German, you'll probably find it difficult to
decipher. Presumably, if Bonzai continues to gain in popularity, some
kind soul will eventually volunteer to translate this document into
English, and perhaps other languages as well. In the meantime,
non-German speakers will just have to march bravely forward and dive
into the installation cold.
Another bit of proverbial good news/bad news is that Bonzai uses the
standard Debian installer, with a few useful tweaks. It's good news
because anyone who has survived a Debian install should find the
process very familiar. The bad news is that Debian is notorious for its
primitive-looking text-based installer, which has driven many less
courageous individuals to head for the Mandrake Store. I know I'm
probably risking a flame-war by mentioning that, but please keep in
mind that I love Debian (I even keep a few Debian CDs near my bedside).
Enough drivel - let's get this show on the road. I pop the mini-CD
(cute little thing!) into the drive and hit the reset button. Within
seconds, I'm greeted by the welcome screen, which interestingly enough
doesn't mention Bonzai. Rather, it clearly says at the top
Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 3.0!
This is indeed the Debian installer, but it's been hacked, making it
more user-friendly than the
standard regimen. One nice thing is that you no longer need to hit
<F3> to find out how to install the 2.4.18-bf2.4 kernel (the
standard Debian disks will trick you into installing kernel 2.2.20 if
you aren't careful). With Bonzai, all you really have to do is hit
<enter>. Furthermore, Bonzai uses the more up-to-date Linux
kernel 2.4.20-bf2.4.
Just like the standard Debian install, the second screen allows you to
choose the language (Bonzai gives you 20 choices). The next screen
presents you with some release notes, which will not be of great
interest to most readers. The fourth screen of the installer is where
you get into the real meat and potatoes of the process:
=======================================================
-----[Debian GNU/Linux Installation Main
Menu]-----
Configure the keyboard
Preload Essential modules from a Floppy
Partition a Hard Disk
Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition
Activate a Previously-Initialized Swap
Partition
Do Without a Swap Partition
Initialize a Linux Partition
Mount a Previously-Initialized Partitioned
Unmount a Partition
Install Kernel and Driver Modules
Configure Device Driver Modules
Configure PCMCIA Support
Install Foreign Modules
Configure the Hostname
Configure the Network
Install the Base System
Edit Kernel Boot Parameters
Make System Bootable
Make a Boot Floppy
Reboot the System
View the Partition Table
Execute a Shell
Restart Installation System
=======================================================
Just like the standard Debian installer, the 11th item on this menu
(Configure Device Driver Modules) terrifies newbies, and rightfully so.
However, just like standard Debian, most people should ignore the 80
submenus on offer and just skip this step - the installer will in fact
probe the devices for you and most likely find the correct module.
When I get down to the menu that says "Install the Base System", the
hard disk gets very busy. This is, after all, the most crucial part of
the operation.
Finally, I am presented with this unfortunate menu:
=======================================================
-----[Where should the LILO boot loader be
installed?]-----
LILO can be installed either into the master
boot record
(MBR), or into the /dev/hda3 boot block. If
installed into
the MBR, LILO will take control of the boot
process. If you
choose not to install LILO into the MBR, you
will have the
opportunity later on to install an alternative
MBR program
(for bootstrapping LILO).
/dev/hda: Install LILO in the MBR (use this if
unsure).
/dev/hda2: Install LILO in the root
partition's boot sector.
=======================================================
At this point I would much prefer to install GRUB as opposed to LILO,
but Debian refuses to make the offer. Therefore, I choose the second of
these two options. I do this because I fully intend to install GRUB
from a separate floppy disk (more on that later). Now I am given this
menu:
=======================================================
-------[Create Master Boot Record?]--------
A master boot record is required to boot the
system. If you
are already using a boot manager, and want to
keep it,
answer "No" to the following question. If you
don't know
what a boot manager is or whether you have
one, answer
"Yes".
Install a master boot record on /dev/hda?
<Yes>
<No>
=======================================================
I answer "no". Finally, I get to the last menu before the great reboot:
=======================================================
-------[Debian GNU/Linux
Installation Main Menu]-------
Debian is now installed (although not yet
fully configured).
You should build a custom boot floppy, in case
Debian
GNU/Linux doesn't boot directly from the hard
disk. Please
select "Next" to build the custom boot floppy.
Next: Make a
Boot Floppy
Alternate: Reboot the System
=======================================================
I do indeed choose to make a floppy, as I will use it for my reboot. I
won't actually install GRUB until I am finished installing and
configuring Bonzai.
|
After the Reboot
|
I reboot and I am greeted by this message:
=======================================================
-----[Debian System Configuration]-----
Congratulations, you have successfully
installed Debian!
This program will now walk you through the
process of
setting up your newly installed system. It
will start with
the basics -- time zone selection, setting a
root password
and adding a user, and then progress to
installing
additional software to tuhe this new Debian
system to your
needs.
If you want to revisit this setup process at a
later date,
just run /usr/sbin/base-config
=======================================================
In the next question, I am asked if I want to enable md5 passwords. You
should choose "yes" even though the default suggests "no". This will
enable you to use passwords with a length greater than eight characters
(with md5 the maximum is 128 characters). You should also choose "yes"
when you are asked if you want to enable shadow passwords - it is much
harder for crackers to break your password if it is encrypted in the
/etc/shadow file.
Then I go through the usual routine of setting up the time zone, root
password, user account. Finally, I reach a screen which does not look
anything like the typical Debian install:
=======================================================
-----[appselect]-----
appselect allows you to select the
applications that
should be installed on your system. There are
several
tasks available that provide different
packages.
Please choose the applications you want to
install.
[ ] German Environment - German language
support
[ ] Shell Applications - a set of shell
applications
[ ] Hardware Autodetection - hardware
detection utilities
[ ] Magicfilter - application to setup your
printer
[ ] ISDN - applications to set up ISDN
connections
[ ] Samba - access Windows Shares
[ ] KDE - the K Desktop Environment
=======================================================
There is no appselect in standard Debian, so this is Bonzai's own
creation. I choose all of the above except the German environment and
ISDN options.
The next exciting event happens when "discover" is automatically
launched. Now this is indeed a useful improvement over the Debian
install. The purpose of discover is to automatically detect and
configure hardware. In Debian, if you want to use discover
(recommended!) you must first install it with the command "apt-get
install discover" - not a big deal, but the installer doesn't even
prompt you to do so. Bonzai, by contrast, installs discover by default.
With discover in place, configuring Xwindows is relatively easy. When I
complete this procedure, I am presented with the final screen of the
installation:
=======================================================
-----[Debian System Configuration]-----
As the Bonzai Linux installation is nearly
finished you have
now the chance to set up KDM to login to your
system. (KDM
will automaticly start KDE).
To make all the changes take effect press
Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
to reinitialize X Server after KDM has started.
Note: You need to run dselect after
installation to resolve
all dependencies!
If your X Window System won't start reboot
with the 'Linux
Single' option and do a dpkg-reconfigure
xserver-xfree86. You can always recall this
script with
/usr/sbin/base-config.
Do you want to install KDM?
<Yes>
<No>
=======================================================
I am somewhat perturbed by the "note" saying "run dselect after
installation to resolve all dependencies". This is not good, because
deslect is a nearly obsolete program with a nasty interface that most
Debian users try to avoid. It would be much better to run "aptitude",
but unfortunately Bonzai does not install it. So I launch dselect, and
struggle with its crude menus, in the hope of getting a working system.
Almost immediately I am presented with a problem - dselect needs to
read data from my cdrom, but it cannot find it. It's as if the cd drive
didn't exist. I check file /etc/fstab, and I see that the cd drive is
listed, so the problem isn't there. I then take a look at the symbolic
link /dev/cdrom using the "ls -l" command, and discover the source of
the error:
root@sonic:~# ls -l /dev/cdrom
lrxwrwxrwx 1
root root 11 Sep 17 2003 /dev/cdrom
-> /dev/cdrom
This indicates that the symbolic link /dev/cdrom is simply pointing at
itself, rather than towards the cd drive! That's not correct, as my cd
drive is /dev/hdc - I consider this to be a bug. So I first delete the
symbolic link, and then create a new one:
root@sonic:~# rm /dev/cdrom
ln -s /dev/hdc /dev/cdrom
After I correct this, I run dselect.
|
The Network
|
Only after I complete the dselect trauma
can I run this command:
dpkg --get-selections | more
This useful command reports what packages are installed (you need the
"| more" because the list is so long). I am disappointed to see that
etherconf is not installed. This is a major oversight, because
etherconf makes it very easy to set up an ethernet card. If etherconf
was on the Bonzai CD, I could install it with "apt-get install
etherconf". I cannot install it over the network, since the network
isn't set up yet (why is why I need etherconf). So I have no choice but
to configure my network manually - this is a real pain. The first step
is to find out which module works with my ethernet card. I know from
experience it's via-rhine, so I can load this using Debian's "modconf"
command (if I had used etherconf, this step would have been taken care
of automatically). Now that that module is loaded, the next step is to
bring up the network by editing file /etc/network/interfaces (Note that
the only editors available in Bonzai are vi, nano, kate and ed). Your
mileage may vary, but just as an example
of what this file might look like (see "man interfaces" for details):
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
network 192.168.1.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
I must edit /etc/hosts to set up my static network. Finally, I issue
the following command to restart the network (I could also accomplish
this by rebooting):
/etc/init.d/networking restart
|
Installing Packages
|
My
network is now functioning, and I can begin to use Debian's famous
"apt-get install" command to install packages and build up my desktop
system. I still need to tell Debian where to look for the packages,
since the Bonzai CD obviously doesn't have what I need. This can be
done by manually editing /etc/apt/sources.list, but it's better to use
the command "apt-setup".
It should be noted that I have not yet set up a firewall, so I am
taking a risk exposing myself to the Internet. My preferred (by a long
shot) firewall is Guarddog, but it is in Debian Sid (unstable), not
Woody, so that will have to wait until I upgrade.
There is no deb packages for my favorite movie player, Mplayer, so I grabbed
the source code and tried to compile it. My first attempt failed when I
received this error:
X11 libraries or header files could not be found. Please
make sure the X11 development package is installed on your
system. If it is definitely installed, try setting the
include and library paths with the --x-include and
--x-libraries options of configure. Fvwm can not be
compiled without the X11 development environment
Aborting.
Hmmm. I must install the X development libraries, as follows:
apt-get install xlibs-dev
That did the trick, and I was able to compile Mplayer. But there was no
sound and sndconfig was not on the Bonzai CD, so:
root@sonic:~> apt-get install sndconfig
root@sonic:~> sndconfig
root@sonic:~> adduser bob audio
(Note: user bob must log out and log back in for this to go into effect.)
I also want to get my modem working, so I install pppconfig. And while
I'm at it, there are a number of other useful programs that need to
install to make my desktop complete:
apt-get install xterm eject mozilla xcdroast
|
Installing GRUB
|
Debian's default boot manager is the
ancient LILO (LInux LOader). Maybe it doesn't have the most elegant
name, but GRUB (the GRand Unified Boot loader) is the modern
alternative, preferred by most distros these days (including
Debian-based distros such as Libranet).
The actual installation and configuration of GRUB is a heavy topic,
sufficient for a whole separate article of its own. Fortunately,
someone has already written such an article, and if you haven't read it
yet, please take a look here and save this
article for a rainy day.
There are different ways to install GRUB. I prefer the method of first
creating a GRUB boot floppy, testing it until I'm satisfied it works
fine, and then installing it onto the hard disk. You have to decide
which partition you would like to install the GRUB configuration files.
A typical Linux hobbyist computer these days probably has Windows on
the first partition, a swap partition next, and Linux system files on
the third partition. Using such a configuration, I reboot the GRUB
floppy, press "c" to go to command-line mode, and enter the following
commands at the grub prompt:
grub> root (hd0,2)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit
My file /boot/grub/menu.lst file is now installed on the third
partition. Creating this file is the tricky part, so for anyone
interested, here is what mine looks like:
=======================================================
default 0
timeout 30
title Bonzai
root (hd0,2)
kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-bf2.4 root=/dev/hda3 ro video=vga16:off
hdc=ide-scsi hdd=ide-scsi
savedefault
boot
title
Bonzai - single user mode
root (hd0,2)
kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-bf2.4 root=/dev/hda3 ro video=vga16:off single
hdc=ide-scsi hdd=ide-scsi
boot
title
Windows on /dev/hda1
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
=======================================================
You'll note that in the above file I've set up scsi emulation (which is
needed for burning CDR(W)s. To get scsi emulation working, there are a
couple of other things I must do. First, I edit file /etc/modules and
add this line:
ide-scsi
Next, I edit file /etc/fstab and add a line for my CDRW drive:
/dev/sr1 /cdrom1 iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
Finally, I change the symbolic link for my CDROM:
root@sonic:~# rm /dev/cdrom
ln -s /dev/sr0 /dev/cdrom
|
Tips, Tricks and Hints
|
Basically, my installation is finished.
I can, of course, add more applications, but the above procedure leaves
me with a pretty functional Debian desktop. There are, nevertheless, a
couple of things I routinely do to police a Linux installation. The
most important is that I edit .bashrc in my /root and users'
directories, adding the following lines (note that changes don't take
effect until you first log-out and log-in again):
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
set -o noclobber
fortune -a
The first three lines are well-known to any experienced Linux/Unix
hobbyist: they force a yes/no prompt when I try to remove, copy, or
move a file. The "set -o noclobber" line is less well-known - it will
prevent you from overwriting a file with some of your utilities, for
example:
bob@sonic:~> cat > todo-list.txt
bash: todo-list.txt: cannot overwrite existing
file
Including "fortune -a" in your .bashrc means that every time you log-in
or open an xterm, you'll get helpful quotes like this one:
"The vice-presidency ain't worth a pitcher of
warm spit."
-- Vice President John Nance Garner
Once you are satisfied with your tweaks to .bashrc, you might even
consider adding them to /etc/skel/.bashrc (the file from which every
new user's .bashrc is copied). Just remember to backup the original
file, because if you mess it up, recovery won't be easy.
I want the power to shut down whenever I
give a "shutdown -h now" command, so I edit /etc/modules and add a line
saying this:
apm power_off=1
I like to read man pages in color. The trick to doing this is to
install "most", a relatively little-known pager that can replace "more"
or "less" (one might say that most is more than less). Anyway, the
procedure for installation:
apt-get install most
Then do this (select No. 4):
root@sonic:~# update-alternatives --config
pager
There are 4 programs which provide `pager'.
Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
1 /bin/more
+
2 /usr/bin/less
3 /usr/bin/w3m
*
4 /usr/bin/most
I end my tweaking by running the "updatedb" command to update the
database for the "locate" command. If you've never used the locate
command, you should get familiar with it by reading your (now colorful)
man page.
|
"...you have requested an impossible
situation..."
|
If I have any real serious issue with
Bonzai, this is it. Woody was released in December 2002 and it's
getting pretty long in the tooth. Although anyone running a mission
critical server should probably stick with Woody, most users prefer to
run Sid (Unstable) on the desktop and thus take advantage of the very
latest goodies in the free software world. Debian makes upgrading a
pretty painless procedure. All one has to do is first issue these two
commands:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
Then point file /etc/apt/sources.list to the Unstable sources, and
issue this command:
apt-get dist-upgrade
I did this with Bonzai, and everything seemed to upgrade as expected.
However, when I went to install some of my favorite packages, I ran
into some difficulties, such as when I attempted to install my favorite
CD burner, K3B:
Reading Package Lists...
Building Dependency Tree...
Some packages could not be installed. This may
mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you
are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have
not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
Since you only requested a single operation it
is extremely likely that
the package is simply not installable and a
bug report against
that package should be filed.
The following information may help to resolve
the situation:
Sorry, but the following packages have unmet
dependencies:
k3b: Depends: libfam0c102 but it
is not going to be installed
Depends: libqt3c102-mt (>= 3:3.1.1) but it is not going to be
installed
Depends: libvorbis0a (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libvorbisenc2 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libvorbisfile3 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be
installed
E: Sorry, broken packages.
I suspect that the source of this error is that Bonzai comes equipped
with KDE version 3.1.2, rather than 2.2 (which is current in Woody).
While Bonzai is to be praised for having the much more functional newer
version of KDE, there is a well-known problem with "backports" (updated
packages backported to an older version of Debian). This problem is not
unique to Bonzai - people have reported the same phenomenon in Knoppix,
among other distros.
As a possible solution, I decided to reinstall Bonzai, this time
without KDE. I would then install KDE 2.2 from Woody. As it turned out,
this also failed. On the other hand, I have friends who seem very
satisfied with their Bonzai installations, and have gotten all their
needed apps installed without a hitch.
|
It's Cute, but...
|
The most difficult question to answer
about Bonzai is, "Why?" Yes, Bonzai is free, but so is Debian. Of
course, those mini-CDs are cute. I'll also admit that the
installer has been improved over the standard Debian fare (indeed,
Debian is famous for its traumatic installer). It also installs much
faster than Debian. But if you've already got a CD drive, why not just
get the Debian CDs and install those?
In view of the difficulties I had with upgrading Bonzai, I was left
somewhat underwhelmed. Yet, I believe you'll find a lot more positive
things to say about it if you just use it as it is - Bonzai Linux. It's
a light-weight Debian with the latest KDE, which is what some people
might prefer.
I salute the developer for making this contribution to the Linux world. Certainly I couldn't
have done it. And to judge from recent history, don't expect Bonzai to
stand still - improvements, another fork in the project, and even a
version that can be installed from a glass marble, are all
possibilities.
And aside from that, Bonzai
trees are kind of cool looking.
|
| Copyright Notice |
Copyright (C) 2003
Robert Storey
Verbatim copying and distribution of this article is permitted in any
medium, provided this copyright notice is preserved. |
| Please
visit this
forum on PCLinuxOnline if you wish to discuss the review. |
|
| Review Notes |
| Date |
| 22 September 2003 |
| Author |
Robert
Storey
|
Credits
|
The author would like to thank the
following persons for their kind assistance:
• Andy Berkist
• Colin Watson
• Rob Bradford
|
| Test Configuration |
Motherboard
|
Asus A7v8x-x mainboard, VIA KT-400
chipset
|
| Processor |
AMD Athlon 1600
|
| Video Card |
nVidia Riva TNT2 64, 32MB
|
| Memory |
256 MB, DDR-RAM
|
| Hard Disk |
Seagate 40 GB, 7200 RPM
|
| Network |
VIA Technologies VT6102 [Rhine-II]
|
| Sound Card |
SoundBlaster PCI 64
|
| Bonzai Specifications |
| Version |
| 2.1 (based on Debian 3.0, aka Woody) |
| Release Date |
| 06 July 2003 |
| Kernel |
2.4.20-bf2.4
|
| GUI |
| XFree86 4.1.0 |
| File Systems |
• ReiserFS
• ext3
• ext2
• FAT
• ISO9660 |
| Minimum Requirements |
• One of the supported platforms (see
below)
• minimum 12MB RAM
• minimum 110MB hard disk space
• CD-ROM or floppy drive
• SuperVGA monitor
|
| Platforms |
| • X86 |
| Features |
• Fast Install
• Good Hardware Detection
• APT Advanced Package Management
|
| Bundled Software |
• Exim 3.35-1
• GCC 3.0
• KDE 3.1.2
• Lynx 2.8
• Mutt 1.3
• Perl 5.6.1
• Python 2.1.3
• Samba 2.99
• Wget 1.8.1
• XFree86 4.1.0
• Xpdf 1.0
|
| Price |
| Free |
| Support |
User
Forum (German)
|
| Glossary |
Boot Manager
|
A boot manager makes it possible to
select which partition of a hard disk you wish to boot from. This can
be configured so that users are presented with a user-friendly menu
from which they select the preferred operating system. In the Linux
world, the most popular boot managers are LILO and GRUB, but they are
not the only ones. A very interesting alternative is GAG.
|
Pager
|
The four pagers currently
available in GNU/Linux are more, less, w3m and most. Pagers are most
commonly
used to display man pages, but they can be used interactively by piping
the output of a command to a pager, for example:
dmesg | less
In Debian, one sets the default pager with the command:
update-alternatives --config pager
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| TUXEDO |
TUXEDO Computers - Linux Hardware in a tailor made suite
Choose from a wide range of laptops and PCs in various sizes and shapes at TUXEDOComputers.com. Every machine comes pre-installed and ready-to-run with Linux. Full 24 months of warranty and lifetime support included!
Learn more about our full service package and all benefits from buying at TUXEDO.
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| Star Labs |
Star Labs - Laptops built for Linux.
View our range including the highly anticipated StarFighter. Available with coreboot open-source firmware and a choice of Ubuntu, elementary, Manjaro and more. Visit Star Labs for information, to buy and get support.
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